Low-grade Gliomas in Adults
The Role of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Management of Oligodendrogliomas
Management of Gangliogliomas, Neurocytomas and Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytomas
Neurosurgical Management of High-grade Gliomas
Histogenesis and Histopathology
Tumor Cell Invasiveness and Migration
Anesthesia for Biopsy or Resection
Intracranial Pressure Management
Sellar and Parasellar Tumors
Embryology of the Sellar Region
Individual Pituitary Tumor Types, and Related Hormones
Glycoprotein-secreting Tumors (TSH, FSH and LH)
Clinically Non-functioning Adenomas
Pre-operative Investigations and Work-up
Early Postoperative Management
Specific Postoperative Investigations
- Presentation and Clinical Features of the Sellar Region Meningiomas
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- Recurrence
Meningiomas
Positioning, Incision and Exposure
Internal Decompression and Extracapsular Dissection
Early Localization and Preservation of Adjacent Neurovasculature
Removal of the Involved Bone and Dura
- Role of Radiation Therapy: an Overview
- Conventional Radiation
- Three-dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT)
- Intensity-modulated Radiation Therapy
- Brachytherapy
- Fractionated Radiosurgery (Stereotactic Radiotherapy)
Intraventricular and Pineal Region Tumors
Intraventricular Tumors
Relevant Anatomy
Pre-operative Evaluation
Outcome
Pineal Region Tumors
Epidemiology
Pathological Appearance
Relevant Anatomy
Pre-operative Evaluation
Management and Outcome
Cerebello-pontine Angle Tumors
Anatomy
Cranial Nerves
Clinical Presentation
Clinicopathological Correlates
Acoustic Neuromas
Meningiomas
Epidermoid Tumor (Cholesteatomas)
Glomus Tumors
Other CPA Lesions
Management of CPA Tumors
Investigations
Treatment Strategies in Patients with Acoustic Neuromas
Natural History
Surgery for Acoustic Neuromas
Results of Acoustic Neuroma Surgery
- Facial Nerve Outcome
- Management of Facial Nerve Palsy
- Hearing Preservation
- Nervus Intermedius Function
- CSF Leakage and Meningitis
- Quality of Life
Bilateral Acoustic Neuromas
Management of Other CPA Tumors
Skull Base Tumors
Lesions of the Anterior Cranial Fossa
Lesions of the Middle CranialFossa
Lesions of the Posterior Fossa
Imaging of the Skull Base
General Principles of Skull Base Surgery
Workload of the Oxford Skull Base Unit
Pathology of Skull Base Tumors
Primary Skull Base Lesions
Tumors: Cerebral Metastases and Lymphoma
V – Vascular
Cerebral Blood Flow: Physiology and Measurement Techniques
Cerebral Blood Flow Physiology
Nitric Oxide in the Cerebral Vasculature
- Xenon Computed Tomography
- Positron Emission Tomography
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Trial Balloon Occlusion
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Aneurysm Formation
Interventional Neuroradiology
Principles and Techniques (Tools)
Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms
- Indications
- Test Occlusion
- Permanent Occlusion
- Post-operative Care
- Complications
- Failure of Test Occlusion
Embolization of Aneurysms Using the Guglielmi Detachable Coil
Carotid and Vertebral Angioplasty and Stenting
Vertebral Angioplasty and Stenting
Arteriovenous Malformations
Etiology and Hereditary Syndromes
- Arteriovenous Malformations
- Cavernous Malformations
- Developmental Venous Anomalies
- Capillary Telangiectasias
- Arteriovenous Malformations
- Cavernous Malformations
- Developmental Venous Anomalies
- Capillary Telangiectasias
VI Trauma
Management of Severe Head Injury
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical Exam
Studies
Intensive Care Management of a Patient with Severe Head Injury
Spine Injuries
Acute Evaluation and Management in the Emergency Department
- General Types of Injuries
- Specific Types of Injuries
- Injury to the Cervical Spine
- Injuries to the Occipital Cervical Articulation
- Compression Fractures
- Burst Fractures
- Teardrop Fractures
- Unilateral Facet Dislocation
- Bilateral Facet Dislocation
- Hyperextension Injuries
- Clay Shoveler’s Fracture
- Penetrating Injuries
- Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiographic Abnormality
Injuries to the Thoracic,Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Spine
Thoracolumbar and Lumbar Spine Injuries
- General Management Principles
- Injury to the Lower Spinal Cord, the Cauda Equina and the Role of Surgical Decompression
- Injury to the T11-L1 Segment
- Injury to the L2-L4 Segment
- Injury to the L5 Segment
- Complications Associated with Surgical Management
Management of Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury Patients
- Incidence
- Biomechanics of the Pediatric Spine
- Ligamentous Injuries
- Horizontal Translational Displacement
- AOD
- Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation
- Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries
- Post-traumatic Spinal Deformity
Rehabilitation of Neurologically Injured Patients
Scientific Basis of Neuro-rehabilitation
- Recovery Following Injury to the Spinal Cord
- Recovery of Injured Peripheral Nerves
- Adverse Effects of “Recovery”
- Timing of Rehabilitation
- Patient Selection
- Choice of Rehabilitation Program
- Activities in the Program
Facilities Required for a Rehabilitation Unit
- Patient Selection
- Levels of Disability and Grading
- Rehabilitation Programs
- Goal Planning
- Assessment of Progress and Outcome Measures
- Ancillary Aids, Prosthetics and Orthotics
- Integration with Community Services
- Discharge of Patient
- Follow-up
VII – Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus and Shunts
Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Absorption
Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume and Composition
Etiology and Pathophysiology of Hydrocephalus
Post-hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus and Myelomeningocele
Obstructive Hydrocephalus Due to Tumors
Hydrocephalus and Venous Hypertension
Hydrocephalus Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Hydrocephalus Versus Ventriculomegaly
Clinical Presentation of Hydrocephalus
Investigation of Hydrocephalus
- Shunt Blockage
- CSF Overdrainage
- The Slit Ventricle Syndrome
- Abdominal Complications
- Intra-abdominal Fluid Collections
- Shunt Infection
- The Presentation of Shunt Infection
- Organisms Responsible for Shunt Infection
- Treatment of Shunt Infection
- The Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Shunt Surgery
Miscellaneous Shunt Complications
The Prognosis of Shunted Hydrocephalus
VIII – Pediatrics
Craniosynostosis
Classification
Epidemiology
Etiology
Diagnosis
Compensatory Skull Growth
Treatment
Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Functional Considerations
Crouzon Syndrome
Apert Syndrome
Pfeiffer Syndrome
Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome
Carpenter Syndrome
Kleeblattschadel Anomaly
Diagnosis and Clinical Evaluation
Surgical Reconstruction
Spinal Dysraphism
Epidemiology
Etiology
“Occult” Spinal Dysraphism
- Spinal Cord Tethering
- Tight Filum Terminale
- Lipomeningocele
- Split Cord Malformations
- Congenital Dermal Sinus
- Neurenteric Cyst
- Anterior Sacral Meningocele
- Spinal Dysraphism in Adults
Pediatric Neuro-oncology
Medulloblastoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy
Astrocytomas
Ependymoma
Germ Cell Tumors
Other CNS Tumors of Childhood Craniopharyngioma
Brainstem Gliomas
Choroid Plexus Tumors
Rhabdoid Tumors
Late Effects
IX – Spine
Management of Spinal Tumors
Epidemiology and Pathology
Intradural Extramedullary Tumors
Intramedullary Tumors
Hydrocephalus
Diagnostic Studies
Surgical Management of Intradural Tumors
Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring
Surgical Complications
Oncological Outcome
Adjuvant Therapy
Management of Extradural Spinal Tumors
Primary Bony Neoplasms
Benign Tumors of the Spinal Column
- Osteochondroma
- Osteoid osteoma
- Osteoblastomas
- Giant cell tumors (GCTs)
- Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs)
- Hemangiomas
- Eosinophilic granuloma (EG)
Malignant Tumors of the Axial Skeleton
Breast Carcinoma
Prostate Carcinoma
Degenerative Disease of the Cervical Spine
Pathophysiology and Biomechanics
Clinical Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis
Surgical Treatment
X – Peripheral and Cranial Nerves
Peripheral and Cranial Nerve Injury
Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System
Classification of Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Management of Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Surgical Repair of Peripheral Nerve Lesions
Brachial Plexus Injury
MRI Evaluation of Peripheral Nerve Trauma
Cranial Nerve Injury
XI – Functional Neurosurgery
Pain
Basic Concepts
- Assessment
- Non-specific Back Pain
- Management
- Mechanical Low Back Pain Related to Facet Joints
- Facet Joint Injections
- Facet Denervation
- Lumbar Disc Disease
- Lumbar Steroid Epidural Injections
Epilepsy Surgery
Presurgical Assessment
Non-invasive Assessment
-
Clinical Assessment
-
Structural Brain Imaging
-
Neurophysiology
-
Functional Brain Imaging
-
Neuropsychology
Invasive Procedures
Resective Surgical Procedures
Temporal Resections
Extra-temporal Resections
Multi-lobar Resections, Hemispherectomy and Hemispherotomy
Functional Procedures
-
Stereotactic Lesions
-
Callosal Section
-
Multiple Sub-pial Transsection (MST)
-
Stimulation
-
Re-operation
-
Radiosurgery
Surgical Pathology
- Atrophic and Destructive Lesions
- Vascular Lesions
- Malformation and Tumor-like Lesions, Including Cortical Neuronal Migration Disorder
- Rasmussen’s Encephalitis or Chronic Encephalitis with Epilepsy
- Miscellaneous Conditions
Psychosocial Consequences
Functional Neurosurgery for Movement Disorders
Terminology Used in Describing Movement Disorders
Basal Ganglia Anatomy and Connections
Movement Disorder Syndromes
-
Essential Tremor
-
PD
-
Surgical Options for Treatment of PD
- Wilson’s Disease (WD)
-
Huntington’s Disease (HD)
- Dystonia
- Myoclonus
XII – Infection
Infections in the Central Nervous System
Clinical Presentation
Recommended Evaluation
Invasive Diagnostic Tests
- Brain Biopsy
- Treatment
- NCC
- Epidemiology
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Testing
- Radiologic Imaging
- Medical Treatment
- Surgical Treatment
Infections in Neurological Surgery
Management of Cerebral Abscess
Principles of Antibiotic Therapy
Non-surgical Management of Brain Abscess
Management of Multiple Brain Abscesses
Radiographic Follow-up of Brain Abscess
Cranial Epidural Abscess (EDA)
Ischemic Stroke and Carotid Endarterectomy
Pathology and Pathophysiology of Ischemic Stroke and Extracranial Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease
- Atherosclerosis
- Radiation-induced Atherosclerosis
- Dissection
- Fibromuscular Dysplasia
- Inflammatory Conditions
- Other Conditions
Evaluation and Management of the Acute Ischemic Stroke Patient
Carotid Endarterectomy and Surgery for Cerebral Ischemia
- Results of Clinical Trials
- Results of Trials for Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis
- Results of Trials for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Future Directions: Angioplasty and Stenting