Monthly Archives: January 2014

Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood[2], with two-thirds of the cases presenting in children ages 5 or younger.[3] These tumors originate where sympathetic nervous system tissue is present, within the adrenal medulla or paraspinal sympathetic ganglia. They are remarkable for their broad spectrum of clinical behavior, […]

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy, Candidiasis, and Ectodermal Dystrophy Syndrome

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy, Candidiasis, and Ectodermal Dystrophy Syndrome APECED is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, also known as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) type I. The incidence is high in certain isolated populations, for example, Finns, Iranian Jews, and Sardinians. Most patients with APECED present with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and endocrinopathies predominantly […]

Autosomal Recessive Hyper-IgM with CD40 Mutations

Autosomal Recessive Hyper-IgM with CD40 Mutations A few unrelated families with autosomal recessive hyperimmunoglobulin M caused by mutations of CD40 have been reported. Affected members have similar clinical and laboratory findings as those with CD40L mutations. Treatment and prognosis of CD40 deficiency is similar to XHIGM. Autosomal Recessive Hyper-IgM Syndrome […]

41.What is a cadaver liver? A cadaver (or deceased donor) liver is an organ obtained from a brain-dead donor to be used for liver transplantation. In the unfortunate circumstance of a previously healthy person’s death, his or her family may choose to give the “gift of life” and donate the […]

liver transplant in liver cancer patient

Liver cancer is a feared complication of cirrhosis. For patients with cirrhosis on the waiting list, the risk of developing liver cancer can range from 1% to 10%.Transplant physicians periodically test the liver for the development of liver cancer by performing an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) blood test and conducting an ultrasound, CT (computed tomography), or MRI […]

Cystic Diseases

Cystic Diseases A. Pancreatic pseudocysts It is important to distinguish pseudocysts from tumors and other fluid collections. An acute pancreatic fluid collection follows in approximately 25% of patients with acute pancreatitis. It is characterized by acute inflammation, cloudy fluid, a poorly defined cyst wall, and necrotic but sterile debris. This […]

COLON , RECTUM AND ANUS

COLON , RECTUM AND ANUS Colorectal Physiology I. Normal Colon Function A. Water absorption Normal ileal effluent totals 900 to 1,500 mL/day, with stool water loss typically less than 200 mL/day. The right colon maximally can absorb 6 L of fluid/day, and only when large-bowel absorption is less than 2 […]