Summary of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Symptoms and Signs of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Laboratory Features of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Specific Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal (Refractory) Sideroblastic Anemia Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndromes Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes 5Q– Syndrome Van Den Berge and colleagues are credited with the description of this syndrome in 1974.197 Patients with the 5q– syndrome have […]
Summary of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Symptoms and Signs of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Laboratory Features of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Specific Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal (Refractory) Sideroblastic Anemia Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndromes Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes Symptoms and Signs of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Patients can be asymptomatic or, if anemia is more severe, can have pallor, weakness, loss of a sense of well […]
Summary of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Symptoms and Signs of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Laboratory Features of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Specific Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal (Refractory) Sideroblastic Anemia Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndromes Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes Summary of Myelodysplastic Syndromes In contrast to florid (polyblastic) acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) encompasses a group of neoplastic (clonal) myeloid disorders […]
Summary of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Symptoms and Signs of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Laboratory Features of Myelodysplastic Syndromes Specific Myelodysplastic Syndromes Clonal (Refractory) Sideroblastic Anemia Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndromes Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes . This approach has been used to treat various Myelodysplastic Syndromes in patients ranging in age from 1 […]
What is polycythemia vera ? Clinical Features & Signs and Symptoms of Polycythemia vera. Laboratory tests for Polycythemia vera Treatment of polycythemia vera. Treatment An increased incidence of vascular complications and a progression to myelofibrosis or acute leukemia/myelodysplasia are the major causes of morbidity and mortality. In a large randomized […]
What is polycythemia vera ? Clinical Features & Signs and Symptoms of Polycythemia vera. Laboratory tests for Polycythemia vera Treatment of polycythemia vera. Laboratory tests for Polycythemia vera JAK2 V617F and Exon 12 MutationsJAK2 G1849T Creating V617F Mutations within the JAK2 gene cause a deregulation of the hematopoietic process, which […]
What is polycythemia vera ? Clinical Features & Signs and Symptoms of Polycythemia vera. Laboratory tests for Polycythemia vera Treatment of polycythemia vera. What is polycythemia vera ? Polycythemia vera is a disorder in the group of chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs), also refered to as myeloproliferative neoplasms, that includes essential […]
Summary The clonal myeloid disorders result from acquired mutations within a multipotential marrow cell or very early progenitor cell. The chromosomal alteration resulting in the primary mutation sometimes is evident when cytogenetic analysis is performed. Translocations, inversions, and deletions of chromosomes can result in (1) the expression of fusion genes […]
Definition An uncommon inherited disorder that is estimated to occur once in every 100,000 births, manifesting exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with secondary steatorrhea, blood cell deficiencies, and skeletal abnormalities. It was first described in 1964.247,249 Pathogenesis Shwachman-Diamond syndrome results from mutations in the SBDS gene on chromosome 7q11, which induces accelerated […]
Definition This inherited disorder is characterized by cutaneous and mucous membrane abnormalities, progressive marrow insufficiency, and a predisposition to malignant transformation. It is much more common in males than in females, and occurs in about 1 per 1 million population.221,238 Pathogenesis & cause Dyskeratosis usually is inherited as a recessive […]
Definition and History Fanconi anemia is the most common form of constitutional aplastic anemia and was initially described in three brothers by Fanconi in 1927.219 It is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition that results from defects in genes that modulate the stability of DNA. Epidemiology or cause Fanconi Anemia […]
Pure red cell aplasia is the diagnosis applied to isolated anemia secondary to failure of erythropoiesis. Cardinal findings are a low hemoglobin level, reticulocytopenia, and absent or extremely infrequent erythroid precursor cells in the marrow. Historical names for pure red cell aplasia include erythroblast hypoplasia, erythroblastopenia, red cell agenesis, hypoplastic […]
The Expected outcome after Bone Marrow Transplant In a successful bone marrow transplant, the donor’s marrow migrates to the cavities in the recipient’s bones and produces normal numbers of healthy blood cells. Bone marrow transplants can extend a person’s life, improve quality of life, and may aid in curing the […]
Definition of Bone Marrow Transplant In bone marrow transplantation, Healthy marrow is infused into people who have had high dose chemotherapy for one of the many forms of leukemias, immunodeficiencies, lymphomas, anemias, metabolic disorders, and sometimes solid tumors. Why we do Bone Marrow Transplant A bone marrow transplant is used to rebuild the body’s […]
Types of anemia in pregnancy Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy Worldwide the contribution of Anemia in pregnancy to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality is well recognized; in some parts of Africa, more than 75 percent of pregnant women are anemic, and there is a significant correlation between maternal mortality and anemia. Iron […]
Effect of pregnancy on maternal physiology Normal pregnancy involves many changes in maternal physiology including alterations in hematologic parameters. These changes include expansion in maternal blood and plasma volume. The increase in plasma volume is relatively larger than the increase in red cell mass resulting in a decrease in hemoglobin […]
Sites of Fetal Hematopoietic Cells Production During embryogenesis, hematopoiesis occurs in spatially and temporally distinct sites, including the extraembryonic yolk sac, the fetal liver, the thymus, and the preterm marrow. The origin of hematopoietic cells is closely tied to gastrulation, the formation of mesoderm cells, and to the emergence of […]
Neonatal blood During embryogenesis, production of Neonatal blood occurs in spatially and temporally distinct sites, including the extraembryonic yolk sac, the fetal liver, and the preterm marrow. The development of primitive erythroblasts in the yolk sac is critical for embryonic survival. Primitive erythroblasts differentiate within the vascular network rather than in […]
Lymph nodes The Lymph nodes are secondary lymphoid tissues. They form part of a network that filters antigens from the interstitial tissue fluid and lymph during its passage from the periphery to the thoracic duct. Thus, the Lymph nodes are the primary sites of immune response to tissue antigens. Lymph nodes anatomy The lymph […]
What is spleen function What is spleen function? actually spleen has many functions not only one. Splenic function 1. Red cell clearance There are three important area that compose the spleen. red pulp, white pulp and marginal zone. the white pulp contains the lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells that surround the […]
What is the spleen? The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ. Secondary lymphoid tissues provide an environment in which the cells of the immune system can interact with antigen and with one another to develop an immune response to antigen. The spleen is a major site of immune response to […]
Thymic immune Function The thymus is the site of T-cell development. Function of Thymus is underscored by patients with DiGeorge syndrome, or chromosome 22q11. deletion syndrome, which lacks the genes, required for thymic development. These patients do not develop T cells and hence have profound immune deficiency. Mechanism of cells production in thymus There are […]
Definition of Thymus The Thymus is the site for development of thymic derived lymphocytes, or T cells. What happen inside the Thymus Developing T cells, called thymocytes, differentiate from lymphoid stem cells derived from the marrow into functional, mature T cells. It is here that T cells acquire their repertoire of specific antigen receptors […]
Different types of blood cells in bone marrow There are different types of blood cells in the bone marrow: Erythrocytes The erythrocyte is a complex cell. The membrane is composed of lipids and proteins, and the interior of the cell contains metabolic machinery designed to sustain the cell through its […]